.mathArticle {
    width: min(100%, 1100px);
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 34px 38px;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    text-align: left;

    background: var(--space-panel);

    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 18px 34px 18px 34px;

    box-sizing: border-box;

    box-shadow:
        0 14px 34px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18);
}

.mathArticle p {
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.mathArticle p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.mathArticle h2 {
    margin: 2.5rem 0 1rem;

    color: var(--space-title);
    font-size: 1.45rem;
    line-height: 1.15;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.mathArticle h2:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.mathArticle h3 {
    margin: 2rem 0 0.8rem;

    color: var(--space-title);
    font-size: 1.18rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.mathSubheading {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;

    color: var(--space-title);
    font-size: 1.18rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

.pythonNote {
    margin-top: 8px;
}

.indentedParagraph {
    text-indent: 2em;
}

.displayEquation {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    overflow-x: auto;

    color: var(--space-title);
    text-align: center;
}

.gradientAnimation {
    width: min(100%, 620px);
    margin: 3rem auto 1rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
}

.gradientAnimation .mathSubheading {
    text-align: center;
}

.gradientFrame {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.gradientFrame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.gradientCaption {
    min-height: 3.2em;
    margin: 1rem auto 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.gradientControls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.gradientControls button {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;

    background: var(--secondary-button);
    border: 1px solid var(--secondary-button);
    border-radius: 8px;

    color: var(--space-background);

    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    cursor: pointer;
}

.gradientControls button:hover {
    background: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    color: var(--space-background);
}

#gradientPlayButton {
    min-width: 90px;
}

.gradientFrameCounter {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.divergenceAnimation {
    width: min(100%, 620px);
    margin: 3rem auto 1rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
}

.divergenceAnimation .mathSubheading {
    text-align: center;
}

.divergenceFrame {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.divergenceFrame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
}

.divergenceCaption {
    min-height: 3.2em;
    margin: 1rem auto 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.divergenceControls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.divergenceControls button {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;

    background: var(--secondary-button);
    border: 1px solid var(--secondary-button);
    border-radius: 8px;

    color: var(--space-background);

    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    cursor: pointer;
}

.divergenceControls button:hover {
    background: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    color: var(--space-background);
}

#divergencePlayButton {
    min-width: 90px;
}

.divergenceFrameCounter {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.fourierAnimation {
    width: min(100%, 760px);
    margin: 3rem auto 1rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
}

.fourierAnimation .mathSubheading {
    text-align: center;
}

.fourierFrame {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 60 / 29;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.fourierFrame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;

    object-fit: contain;
}

.fourierCaption {
    min-height: 3.2em;
    margin: 1rem auto 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.fourierControls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.fourierControls button {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;

    background: var(--secondary-button);
    border: 1px solid var(--secondary-button);
    border-radius: 8px;

    color: var(--space-background);

    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    cursor: pointer;
}

.fourierControls button:hover {
    background: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    color: var(--space-background);
}

#fourierPlayButton {
    min-width: 90px;
}

.fourierFrameCounter {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.standingWaveAnimation {
    width: min(100%, 760px);
    margin: 3rem auto 1rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
}

.standingWaveAnimation .mathSubheading {
    text-align: center;
}

.standingWaveFrame {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 60 / 29;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.standingWaveFrame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;

    object-fit: contain;
}

.standingWaveCaption {
    min-height: 3.2em;
    margin: 1rem auto 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.standingWaveControls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.standingWaveControls button {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;

    background: var(--secondary-button);
    border: 1px solid var(--secondary-button);
    border-radius: 8px;

    color: var(--space-background);

    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    cursor: pointer;
}

.standingWaveControls button:hover {
    background: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    color: var(--space-background);
}

#standingWavePlayButton {
    min-width: 90px;
}

.standingWaveFrameCounter {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.circularModeAnimation {
    width: min(100%, 700px);
    margin: 3rem auto 1rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
}

.circularModeAnimation .mathSubheading {
    text-align: center;
}

.circularModeFrame {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 1 / 1;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.circularModeFrame img {
    display: block;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;

    object-fit: contain;
}

.circularModeCaption {
    min-height: 3.2em;
    margin: 1rem auto 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-text);
    font-size: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    text-align: center;
}

.circularModeControls {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.circularModeControls button {
    min-width: 48px;
    padding: 0.65rem 1rem;

    background: var(--secondary-button);
    border: 1px solid var(--secondary-button);
    border-radius: 8px;

    color: var(--space-background);

    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    cursor: pointer;
}

.circularModeControls button:hover {
    background: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button-hover);
    color: var(--space-background);
}

#circularModePlayButton {
    min-width: 90px;
}

.circularModeFrameCounter {
    margin-top: 0.55rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    text-align: center;
}

.mathFigure {
    width: min(100%, 700px);
    margin: 2.5rem auto;

    text-align: center;
}

.mathFigure img {
    display: block;

    width: 100%;
    height: auto;

    background: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 10px;

    box-shadow:
        0 12px 28px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.22);
}

.mathFigure figcaption {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.45;
}

.mathFootnote {
    margin-top: 1rem;

    color: var(--space-muted);
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-indent: 2em;
}

.codeExample {
    width: min(100%, 980px);
    margin: 2rem auto;
    overflow: hidden;

    background: #0f1420;
    border: 1px solid var(--space-border);
    border-radius: 14px;

    box-shadow:
        0 16px 38px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

.codeExampleHeader {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 1rem;

    min-height: 54px;
    padding: 0.65rem 0.8rem 0.65rem 1.2rem;

    background: var(--space-panel-soft);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--space-border);
}

.codeExampleTitle {
    margin: 0;

    color: var(--space-title);
    font-family: "Figtree", sans-serif;
    font-size: 0.98rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
}

.copyCodeButton {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.45rem;

    min-width: 84px;
    padding: 0.52rem 0.72rem;

    color: var(--space-title);
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 0.86rem;
    font-weight: 600;

    background: rgba(96, 156, 248, 0.12);
    border: 1px solid rgba(96, 156, 248, 0.38);
    border-radius: 8px;

    cursor: pointer;

    transition:
        background-color 160ms ease,
        border-color 160ms ease,
        transform 160ms ease;
}

.copyCodeButton:hover {
    background: rgba(96, 156, 248, 0.22);
    border-color: var(--secondary-button);
}

.copyCodeButton:active {
    transform: translateY(1px);
}

.copyCodeButton:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(96, 156, 248, 0.5);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

.copyCodeButton.copied {
    background: rgba(83, 171, 120, 0.2);
    border-color: rgba(118, 210, 156, 0.55);
}

.copyCodeIcon {
    width: 17px;
    height: 17px;

    fill: none;
    stroke: currentColor;
    stroke-width: 1.8;
    stroke-linecap: round;
    stroke-linejoin: round;
}

.codeExampleBody {
    max-height: 680px;
    overflow: auto;

    scrollbar-color:
        var(--space-muted)
        var(--space-panel);
    scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.codeExample pre {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 1.4rem 1.55rem;

    tab-size: 4;
}

.codeExample code {
    color: #dfe5f1;

    font-family:
        "SFMono-Regular",
        Consolas,
        "Liberation Mono",
        Menlo,
        monospace;

    font-size: 0.88rem;
    line-height: 1.65;
    white-space: pre;
}

.copyCodeStatus {
    position: absolute;

    width: 1px;
    height: 1px;
    padding: 0;
    margin: -1px;
    overflow: hidden;

    clip: rect(0, 0, 0, 0);
    white-space: nowrap;
    border: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 560px) {
    .mathArticle {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 24px 20px;

        font-size: 1rem;
        line-height: 1.65;

        border-radius: 14px 24px 14px 24px;
    }

    .mathArticle h2 {
        font-size: 1.25rem;
    }

    .gradientAnimation .mathSubheading,
    .divergenceAnimation .mathSubheading,
    .fourierAnimation .mathSubheading,
    .standingWaveAnimation .mathSubheading,
    .circularModeAnimation .mathSubheading {
        font-size: 1.1rem;
    }

    .gradientAnimation,
    .divergenceAnimation,
    .fourierAnimation,
    .standingWaveAnimation,
    .circularModeAnimation {
        margin-top: 2.25rem;
    }

    .gradientCaption,
    .divergenceCaption,
    .fourierCaption,
    .standingWaveCaption,
    .circularModeCaption {
        font-size: 0.95rem;
    }

    .fourierControls,
    .standingWaveControls,
    .circularModeControls {
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }

    .fourierControls button,
    .standingWaveControls button,
    .circularModeControls button {
        padding: 0.6rem 0.8rem;
        font-size: 0.88rem;
    }

    .circularModeAnimation {
        width: min(100%, 520px);
    }

    .codeExample {
        border-radius: 11px;
    }

    .codeExampleHeader {
        min-height: 50px;
        padding-left: 0.9rem;
    }

    .codeExampleTitle {
        font-size: 0.88rem;
    }

    .copyCodeButton {
        min-width: auto;
    }

    .copyCodeLabel {
        display: none;
    }

    .codeExample pre {
        padding: 1.1rem;
    }

    .codeExample code {
        font-size: 0.78rem;
    }
}